Connecticut requires a background check for every firearm transfer -- whether through a licensed dealer, at a gun show, or between private individuals. The state's universal background check system operates through its authorization number process, administered by the Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection (DESPP).[1]
How the System Works
Connecticut is a "point of contact" state for the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). This means that DESPP -- not the FBI -- performs the background check for every firearms transaction in the state. No firearm may be sold, delivered, or transferred until the seller obtains an authorization number from the Commissioner of DESPP.[2]
The authorization number process applies to both handguns (under CGS 29-33) and long guns (under CGS 29-37a). DESPP searches the NICS database and state records to determine whether the prospective buyer is eligible to receive a firearm.[3]
Permit or Certificate Requirement
Before any background check can be initiated, the buyer must first hold a valid credential:[1]
- For handguns: A State Pistol Permit, a Permit to Sell Firearms at Retail, or a Handgun Eligibility Certificate
- For long guns: A State Pistol Permit, a Permit to Sell Firearms at Retail, a Handgun Eligibility Certificate, or a Long Gun Eligibility Certificate
Each of these credentials is itself issued only after a background check, meaning Connecticut effectively layers two background checks: one when the credential is issued, and a second at the point of sale through the authorization number process.
Private Sales and Transfers
Effective October 1, 2023, HB 6667 (Public Act 23-53) expanded the background check requirement to cover all private firearm transfers. Connecticut now prohibits any person from transferring a firearm unless the transferee holds a valid permit to carry, a permit to sell firearms at retail, or a handgun or long gun eligibility certificate.[4]
For private long gun transfers, the parties have two options:[1]
- Dealer-facilitated transfer: The transfer is processed through a licensed dealer who handles the DESPP authorization number and all documentation requirements
- Direct background check: A licensed dealer initiates a NICS check on behalf of the parties for a fee of up to $20, and the transferee must present their valid permit or certificate and acceptable identification
Lie-and-Try Notification
Connecticut also maintains a "lie and try" policy. When DESPP determines through the background check process that an applicant is ineligible to purchase a firearm, the department must notify the applicant's local police chief or town officials about the prohibition. This notification helps law enforcement identify prohibited persons who attempt to purchase firearms illegally.[2]
Gun Show Sales
Firearm transfers at gun shows are subject to the same background check requirements as all other sales in Connecticut. There is no "gun show loophole" in the state. Every sale, regardless of venue, requires a valid permit or certificate and a DESPP authorization number.[1]
What This Means for Firearm Owners
Connecticut's universal background check system means that no firearm may legally change hands without government oversight. Whether selling a handgun to a neighbor or purchasing a rifle from a dealer, both parties must ensure the buyer holds a valid credential and that an authorization number is obtained from DESPP. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in felony charges under CGS 29-33 or CGS 29-37a.